See also The Golden Age of the Garden: A Miscellany, ed. Brent Elliott, Victorian Gardens (London: B. The eighteenth-century view of the mind’s passivity gave way in the Victorian period to a perception of the mind as ‘active, self-determining, powered from within’. 187.ġ6 Eighteenth-century aesthetics also contributed to gardening tastes during the ‘golden age of gardening’. 187.ġ4 Abrams, The Mirror and the Lamp, p. Abrams, The Mirror and the Lamp: Romantic Theory and the Critical Tradition (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953), p. Wells’s Plant Plot: Horticulture and Ecological Narration in The Time Machine’, Victorian Literature and Culture 47.3 (2019), 603–628 Elizabeth Hope Chang, Novel Cultivations: Plants in British Literature of the Global Nineteenth Century (Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 2019).ġ2 Chang observes that ‘plant relations’ seem to ‘engulf’ Lucy Snowe, as her movements in the garden present ‘their own kind of necessarily plant-supported thinking.’ See Chang, Novel Cultivations, p. 107 hereafter P.ġ0 For Brontë’s juvenile watercolor paintings of flowers between 1830-32, see Christine Alexander and Jane Sellars, The Art of the Brontës (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995), pp. by Heather Glen (London: Penguin Books, 1989), p. 173.ĩ Charlotte Brontë, The Professor, ed. by Angus Easson (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996), p. 18.ħ Elizabeth Gaskell, The Life of Charlotte Brontë, ed. 12.ĥ Patricia Ingham, The Brontës (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2006), p.

48 (to Margaret Wooler, 31 March 1848).ģ Michael Marder, Plant-Thinking: A Philosophy of Vegetal Life (New York: Columbia University Press, 2013), p. by Margaret Smith, 3 vols (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. For more on Brontë’s feelings about Ireland, see The Letters of Charlotte Brontë with a Selection of Letters by Family and Friends, II (1848–1851), ed. The potato had been imported into Europe after the colonization of America and may here represent an unreliable crop.

249 hereafter V.Ģ Brontë may also have been alluding to the Irish famine in the 1840s, caused by a widespread infection of potatoes. by Margaret Smith (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), p.

Charlotte brontë villette